HOW DOES E-MAIL WORK?

You send and receive it everyday, it’s instantaneous, and it doesn’t cost a thing. It’s E-MAIL, one of the most important tools of today. Let’s take a look at how it works, under-the-hood and in normal language.

What Is Email?

Electronic mail (abbreviated as e-mail, email, E-Mail, etc.) is a very old form of computer-based communication.
A long time ago – in technological, not human, terms – computers were giant machines. People used dial-up terminals to access them, and each machine held storage for multiple users. As is the case with any community, people found useful and unique ways to communicate with one another, and a messaging system evolved. The caveat was that you could only send messages to other users on the same system, at least up until 1971. As the story goes, along came Ray Tomlinson who sent the first email by addressing a user on another system using the ‘@’ symbol. Obviously, both the underlying dynamics and far-reaching consequences weren’t so simple, but it was that notion that brings us to where we are today.

Email was, at that time, the equivalent of today’s text message. Over time, it changed and evolved like anything else; it has sender and receiver, a subject line, a message body, and attachments, but on the whole, emails are pretty simple documents. It’s not so easy to get it from point A to point B, however. Like anything else, there’s an intricate process involved that works behind the scenes to make it seem as seamless as possible. A lot of the ideas used in relaying email were important in formulating document transfer, which is at the core of things like bulletin board systems and the world wide web.

WHAT'S NEXT?

When someone, let’s say a seller, sends an email, it has to have an address in the form of "user@domain.ext". Our example has seller@gmail.com. The email gets sent by the client to an outgoing mail server via Simple Mail Transfer Protocol(SMTP). The SMTP server is like your local post office, which checks your postage and address and figures out where to send your mail. It doesn’t understand domains, though. They’re a sort of abstract thing, so the SMTP server contacts a Domain Name System(DNS) server. The DNS server is a sort of phone or address book for the internet; it translates domains like “gmail.com” to an IP address like “ 254.254.254.254.” Then, it finds out if that domain has any “MX” or mail exchange servers on it and makes a note of it. This is like your post office consulting maps of where your mail is supposed to go, calling their local post office, and checking to see if your friend has a mailbox or P.O. box to receive mail.

Now that the SMTP server has the proper info, the message gets sent from that server to the target domain’s mail exchange server. This server is referred to as an MTA, or Mail Transfer Agent It decides where exactly to put the mail, much like how your friend’s post office figures out how best to get it delivered. Then, your friend goes and fetches the mail, usually using a client that works via "Post Office Protocol" or
" Internet Message Access Protocol".

Unlike your physical mailbox, your outgoing and incoming mail are handled by two different types of servers. There’s really no discrimination towards receiving servers; any computer can be made an MTA pretty easily and handle things well. Sending mail is a different story. SMTP servers must have static IP addresses, and most ISPs block port 25 so that their users can’t send mail themselves. Why? Because of the massive amounts of spam gnawing away at our collective bandwidth, the very stuff your MTA should be configured to filter out. You can configure your clients to use your ISP’s SMTP server in lieu of running your own. The point is that you need both an MTA and an SMTP server to use email, as each is specialized for what it does.

FREE RECHARGE-SITE LIST

Now a days we can hardly find some people having no mobile phones. What if you get free recharge to your phone? It sounds crazy, isn't it?

Yes! I found some of those after a detailed analysis I'm posting this
There are some mobile recharge giving websites who give recharge without taking a single penny from you. Some of the such site give money by number of people you make join there, some other give you contests and they give money as you win. It is like gaining money. I'm going to list a few good website here.

1.AMULYAM

One of the most famous website giving money where you earn money there. They give contest and you win money from there itself.

2.LAAPTU

Laaptu allows you to send sms to any mobile free of cost. They also give money for playing games there.

3.ULTOO
ULtoo.com offers a unique and innovative platform to the users across India to send FREE SMS at lightning speed and rewards its users with FREE mobile recharge in return.

4.PICKZUP

Pickzup is an online portal that provides you an unique opportunity to find the finest picks. We combine value-added online activity into a unique application.
We bring you a host of benefits such as latest trends and product updates at your fingertips, instead of you searching for them. Also, we bring you an opportunity to earn.

5.MCENT
mCent is a fast and easy way to get free airtime on your prepaid mobile phone. Simply sign-up for free using your mobile number
All websites listed will ask your mobile number only. Do not enter your credit/debit card details on internet. Do not enter any such details and report the same in comments. Try at your own risk

CHARGE YOUR SMARTPHONE WITH SUNGLASSES

What can you do with your sunglasses when the Sun goes down?
You can use them to charge your smartphone! An Indian designer based in the US has turned a pair of sunglasses into a smartphone charging device by adding solar panels to them.


[FULL REPORT]

Washington: What can you do with your sunglasses when the Sun goes down?
You can use them to charge your smartphone! An Indian designer based in the US has turned a pair of sunglasses into a smartphone charging device by adding solar panels to them.

Sayalee Kaluskar's The Ray-Ban Shama Shades are part of a project at Miami Ad School - San Francisco, CNET reported. The shades have a small solar panel on each arm, and that's apparently enough to charge a smartphone when the Sun goes down.

According to PSFK.com, Kaluskar placed small solar panels on each side of the frame, allowing the sunglasses to harness solar energy during the day.

At night, the frames can be detached and used to charge a smartphone, the report said. Kaluskar worked with Ramiro Ramirez on the project as part of their student work.

Experts say people are keen on tapping solar energy on the go, provided they can harness enough of it to be useful.
[[PTI REPORT]]

THINGS FOR GOOD SLEEP

Feeling crabby lately? Or simply worn out?
Perhaps the solution is better sleep.

Think about all the factors that can interfere with a good night's sleep — from pressure at work and family responsibilities to unexpected challenges, such as layoffs, relationship issues or illnesses. It's no wonder that quality sleep is sometimes elusive.

Although you might not be able to control all of the factors that interfere with your sleep, you can adopt habits that encourage better sleep. Start with these simple sleep tips.

1. Stick to a sleep schedule:

Go to bed and get up at the same time every day, even on weekends, holidays and days off. Being consistent reinforces your body's sleep-wake cycle and helps promote better sleep at night. There's a caveat, though. If you don't fall asleep within about 15 minutes, get up and do something relaxing. Go back to bed when you're tired. If you agonize over falling asleep, you might find it even tougher to nod off.

2. Pay attention to what you eat and drink

Don't go to bed either hungry or stuffed. Your discomfort might keep you up. Also limit how much you drink before bed, to prevent disruptive middle-of-the-night trips to the toilet.

Nicotine, caffeine and alcohol deserve caution, too. The stimulating effects of nicotine and caffeine -- which take hours to wear off — can wreak havoc with quality sleep. And even though alcohol might make you feel sleepy at first, it can disrupt sleep later in the night.
3. Create a bedtime ritual

Do the same things each night to tell your body it's time to wind down. This might include taking a warm bath or shower, reading a book, or listening to soothing music — preferably with the lights dimmed. Relaxing activities can promote better sleep by easing the transition between wakefulness and drowsiness.

Be wary of using the TV or other electronic devices as part of your bedtime ritual. Some research suggests that screen time or other media use before bedtime interferes with sleep.

4. Get comfortable

Create a room that's ideal for sleeping. Often, this means cool, dark and quiet. Consider using room-darkening shades, earplugs, a fan or other devices to create an environment that suits your needs.

Your mattress and pillow can contribute to better sleep, too. Since the features of good bedding are subjective, choose what feels most comfortable to you. If you share your bed, make sure there's enough room for two. If you have children or pets, set limits on how often they sleep with you — or insist on separate sleeping quarters.

5. Limit daytime naps

Long daytime naps can interfere with nighttime sleep — especially if you're struggling with insomnia or poor sleep quality at night.
If you choose to nap during the day, limit yourself to about 10 to 30 minutes and make it during the midafternoon.

If you work nights, you'll need to make an exception to the rules about daytime sleeping. In this case, keep your window coverings closed so that sunlight — which adjusts your internal clock — doesn't interrupt your daytime sleep.

6. Include physical activity in your daily routine

Regular physical activity can promote better sleep, helping you to fall asleep faster and to enjoy deeper sleep.
Timing is important, though. If you exercise too close to bedtime, you might be too energized to fall asleep. If this seems to be an issue for you, exercise earlier in the day.
7. Manage stress

When you have too much to do — and too much to think about — your sleep is likely to suffer. To help restore peace to your life, consider healthy ways to manage stress. Start with the basics, such as getting organized, setting priorities and delegating tasks. Give yourself permission to take a break when you need one. Share a good laugh with an old friend. Before bed, jot down what's on your mind and then set it aside for tomorrow.
Know when to contact your doctor
Nearly everyone has an occasional sleepless night — but if you often have trouble sleeping, contact your doctor. Identifying and treating any underlying causes can help you get the better sleep you deserve...

Anatomy of Search Engines

Search engines are the key to finding specific information on the vast expanse of the World Wide Web. Without sophisticated search engines, it would be virtually impossible to locate anything on the Web without knowing a specific URL.
But do you know how search engines work?
And do you know what makes some search engines more effective than others?

When people use the term search engine in relation to the Web, they are usually referring to the actual search forms that searches through databases of HTML documents, initially gathered by a robot.
There are basically three types of search engines:
Those that are powered by robots (called crawlers; ants or spiders) and those that are powered by human submissions; and those that are a hybrid of the two.

Crawler-based search engines are those that use automated software agents (called crawlers) that visit a Web site, read the information on the actual site, read the site's meta tags and also follow the links that the site connects to performing indexing on all linked Web sites as well. The crawler returns all that information back to a central depository, where the data is indexed. The crawler will periodically return to the sites to check for any information that has changed. The frequency with which this happens is determined by the administrators of the search engine.


Human-powered search engines rely on humans to submit information that is subsequently indexed and catalogued. Only information that is submitted is put into the index.

In both cases, when you query a search engine to locate information, you're actually searching through the index that the search engine has created —you are not actually searching the Web. These indices are giant databases of information that is collected and stored and subsequently searched. This explains why sometimes a search on a commercial search engine, such as Yahoo! or Google, will return results that are, in fact, dead links. Since the search results are based on the index, if the index hasn't been updated since a Web page became invalid the search engine treats the page as still an active link even though it no longer is. It will remain that way until the index is updated.
So why will the same search on different search engines produce different results? Part of the answer to that question is because not all indices are going to be exactly the same. It depends on what the spiders find or what the humans submitted.
But more important, not every search engine uses the same algorithm to search through the indices. The algorithm is what the search engines use to determine the relevance of the information in the index to what the user is searching for.

One of the elements that a search engine algorithm scans for is the frequency and location of keywords on a Web page. Those with higher frequency are typically considered more relevant. But search engine technology is becoming sophisticated in its attempt to discourage what is known as keyword stuffing, or spamdexing.

Another common element that algorithms analyze is the way that pages link to other pages in the Web. By analyzing how pages link to each other, an engine can both determine what a page is about (if the keywords of the linked pages are similar to the keywords on the original page) and whether that page is considered "important" and deserving of a boost in ranking. Just as the technology is becoming increasingly sophisticated to ignore keyword stuffing, it is also becoming more savvy to Web masters who build artificial links into their sites in order to build an artificial ranking.

Top Five Social Networks

"Social networking" has been around forever. It's the simple act of expanding the number of people you know by meeting your friends' friends, their friends' friends and so on. In fact, many of us today use Twitter and Facebook to promote our existing and upcoming business
After observing and running an analysis some of Social Networking sites I have listed down 5 most popular social networks across countries in detail.

1.Facebook



founder: Mark Zuckerberg
To access Facebook.com, you must create an account on the site which is free. Facebook's terms of use state that members must be at least 13 years old with valid email ID’s. After updating you're details, your Facebook profile is generated. Using Facebook.com you can:

• Browse and join networks, which are organized into four categories: regions, colleges, workplaces and high schools.
  
• Pull contacts from a Web-based e-mail account, into Facebook.com.
  
• Find friends in several ways, including search engine to look for a specific person and lot more.
  
• Facebook has recently crossed 500 million users and is the most popular Social Networking site of the world.

2.MySpace founder: Tom Anderson, Chris DeWolfe In MySpace, your social network starts growing from the first day. When you join MySpace, the first step is to create a profile. You then, invite friends to join there and search for your friends on already profiled on MySpace these friends become your initial Friend Space. Once the friendship is confirmed all the people in your friends' Friend Space become part of your network. In that sense, everyone on MySpace is in your Extended Network. As part of terms of MySpace, the user must be at least 14 years old to register. 3.Twitter founder: Evan Williams, Jack Dorsey, Biz Stone Twitter is a very simple service that is rapidly becoming one of the most talked-about social networking service providers. When you have a Twitter account, you can use the service to post and receive messages to a network of contacts, as opposed to send bulk email messages. You can build your network of contacts, and invite others to receive your Tweets, and can follow other members' posts. Twitter makes it easy to opt into or out of networks. Additionally, you can choose to stop following a specific person’s feed. 4.LinkedIn founder: Reid Hoffman, Konstantin Guericke, Allen Blue LinkedIn is an online social network for business professionals, which is designed specifically for professional networking, to help them find a job, discover sales leads, connect with potential business partners. Unlike most of the other social networks, LinkedIn does not focus on making friends or sharing media like photos, videos and music. To start using LinkedIn you need to register and create a profile page. To register to LinkedIn, you need to provide personal information. You can update the profile with your education and job details and a summary. Additionally, you can also give and receive recommendations from co-workers and bosses. There are more than 75 million professionals registered on LinkedIn. 5.Pinterest founder: Ben Silbermann
Pinterest is a social networking site with a visually-pleasing “virtual pinboard” interface. Users collect photos and link to products they love, creating their own pinboards and following the pinboards of other people whom they find interesting.

FACEBOOK ACCOUNT SECURITY

If you are like millions out there, Facebook has become your no. 1 website on the Web. As you login to it every single day from many devices, be it from your mobile phone, computer, laptop and office workstation, there is a chance that you may leave your Facebook account on without logging out. If your account gets accessed by strangers, it’s going to open up a large can of worms, so you should seriously try to prevent unwanted access to your account.
In this article, we will go through some important options you can take to prevent others from accessing your personal Facebook account.

* Create Strong Password:

Chances are, you already have your password created for Facebook however it is advisable for you to make sure your Facebook password is one of a kind and different from your other online accounts e.g. email, blog, hosting etc.

The best passwords would have the combination of small and capital letters, numbers and symbols.

* Confirm your mobile number

Confirming your mobile number is one of many ways to enhance your account security on Facebook . This way, even when you lose or forget your password, Facebook will be able to send you a new one via SMS.

To add your mobile number, go toAccount Settings > Mobile and click on Add a Phone.

* Activate Secure browsing
Now
Among other things, to make sure your browsing activity within Facebook is safe, you can turn on the Secure browsing option. By doing this, you automatically limit all external applications that are integrated with Facebook from doing any harm or taking your personal information without your knowledge or approval.

To start securing your account, click on the drop down menu from the top right corner of your Facebook account and go to Account Settings.

Select Security from the left menu.

At the Secure Browsing section, click on the Edit link at the right.

The option panel will appear, ‘check’ the box Browse Facebook on a secure connection then click on the Save Changes button.

* Activate ‘Login Approvals'

Login approvals is an extended security feature offered by Facebook, and it will require you to enter a security code each time you try to access your Facebook account from unrecognized devices.

* Disconnect Previous Active Sessions

The good thing about Facebook is that it lets you know about your previous active sessions, where you login from, and what devices you used to access your Facebook account. Now to make sure your account is safe. Disconnect all previous active sessions

* Activate Private Browsing

Another way to prevent another person from accessing your account is by activating the ‘Private Browsing’ option from your browsers. All browsers have this private browsing option, and by activating this option, your activity will not be logged into the browsing history.

* Don’t ‘Keep Me Logged In’

The moment you want to login to your Facebook account, at the Log In page, there’s a small checkbox that says Keep me logged in. Make sure this box is unchecked. Then, log in as usual. With this on, you will be asked for your email and password every time you launch Facebook.

* Avoid Spam Link

Facebook is serious about spam and is always enhancing its features to make sure you are safe from being a victim to scams. The types of attacks include money scams through direct or indirect requests via Facebook messages, chat etc,phishing links that will redirect you to fake websites,malicious links that could retrieve your personal information or even harm your computer. There are also chances you may receive emails from ‘Facebook’ but it is actually from a phishing website, this modus operandi is part of a scam.

* Sign Out after use

Lastly which is the most important of all (and definitely worth repeating), never forget to log out from your Facebook account.
Facebook is a gone website to connect to your family and friends. Use it safely and Enjoy.
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